I need to add a custom Jackson deserializer for java.lang.String to my Spring 4.1.x MVC application. However all answers (such as this) refer to configuring the ObjectMapper
You could try Message Converters. They have a context about http input request (for example, docs see here, JSON). How to customize you could see here. Idea that you could check HttpInputMessage with special URIs, which used in your controllers and convert string as you want. You could create special annotation for this, scan packages and do it automatically.
Note
Likely, you don't need implementation of ObjectMappers. You can use simple default ObjectMapper to parse String and then convert string as you wish. In that case you would create RequestBody once.