SciTE is a good "programmer's editor", and it was especially written for that purpose. The engine behind it, Scintilla, has also widespread use in IDEs. The de-facto compiler on Linux is GCC, and it's a very powerful and stable one, too. You should go for GCC 4 or later for better C++-Performance.
SciTE has basic support to integrate the compiler (push a button and see the compiler's output, rudimentary code completion,..), too. The most important thing about SciTE is, that you have to edit it's own config first to make it a comfortable editor. Many important features like line numbers, file tabs, restoring sessions, are disabled by default.
You also need to familiarize yourself with the (admittedly easy) Makefile format, so you can use make for building. SciTE + make are not a subsitute of a good IDE in any way, but if you don't want to use a full fledged IDE, they are surprisingly good at still keeping you productive.
