Given a simple page:
If I enter anything in
You could try like this
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='email']")).sendKeys("asd");
Object s=js.executeScript("return document.getElementById(\"a\").validity.valid");
System.out.println(s);
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='email']")).sendKeys("asd@gmail.com");
s=js.executeScript("return document.getElementById(\"a\").validity.valid");
System.out.println(s);
Output for above line is
false
true
So based on that you can conclude that whether the given value is valid or not.
Below javascript logic will return true/false based on the validity of the field
document.getElementById(\"a\").validity.valid
P.s : I assume input tag has id "a"