I have worked in Python earlier where it is really smooth to have a dictionary of lists (i.e. one key corresponds to a list of stuff). I am struggling to achieve the same in
Arrays in VBA are more or less like everywhere else with various peculiarities:
Sheets array in a Workbook) are 1-based. Although, as rightly pointed out by @TimWilliams, the user-defined arrays are actually 0-based. The array below defines a string array with a length of 11 (10 indicates the upper position).Other than that and the peculiarities regarding notations, you shouldn't find any problem to deal with VBA arrays.
Dim stringArray(10) As String
stringArray(1) = "first val"
stringArray(2) = "second val"
'etc.
Regarding what you are requesting, you can create a dictionary in VBA and include a list on it (or the VBA equivalent: Collection), here you have a sample code:
Set dict = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set coll = New Collection
coll.Add ("coll1")
coll.Add ("coll2")
coll.Add ("coll3")
If Not dict.Exists("dict1") Then
dict.Add "dict1", coll
End If
Dim curVal As String: curVal = dict("dict1")(3) '-> "coll3"
Set dict = Nothing