How fast is Perl's smartmatch operator when searching for a scalar in an array?

Question

I want to repeatedly search for values in an array that does not change.

So far, I have been doing it this way: I put the values in a hash (so I have an array and a

Answer 1

Fast for small numbers of potential matches, but not faster than the hash. Hashes are really the right tool for testing set membership. Since hash access is O(log n) and smartmatch on an array is still O(n) linear scan (albeit short-circuiting, unlike grep), with larger numbers of values in the allowed matches, smartmatch gets relatively worse.

Benchmark code (matching against 3 values):

#!perl
use 5.12.0;
use Benchmark qw(cmpthese);

my @hits = qw(one two three);
my @candidates = qw(one two three four five six); # 50% hit rate
my %hash;
@hash{@hits} = ();

sub count_hits_hash {
  my $count = 0;
  for (@_) {
    $count++ if exists $hash{$_};
  }
  $count;
}

sub count_hits_smartmatch {
  my $count = 0;
  for (@_) {
    $count++ when @hits;
  }
  $count;
}

say count_hits_hash(@candidates);
say count_hits_smartmatch(@candidates);

cmpthese(-5, {
    hash => sub { count_hits_hash((@candidates) x 1000) },
    smartmatch => sub { count_hits_smartmatch((@candidates) x 1000) },
  }
);

Benchmark results:

             Rate smartmatch       hash
smartmatch  404/s         --       -65%
hash       1144/s       183%         --