Hello I have a table with columns:
*using oracle
ID                  NUMBER
USER_ID            NUMBER
DATE_ADDED          DATE
DATE_VIEWED        DAT         
        
Assuming your RDBMS know window functions and CTE and USER_ID is the patient's id:
WITH TT AS (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY USER_ID ORDER BY DOCUMENT_DATE DESC) AS N
    FROM test_table
)
SELECT *
FROM TT
WHERE N = 1;
I assumed you wanted to sort by DOCUMENT_DATE, you can easily change that if wanted. If your RDBMS doesn't know window functions, you'll have to do a join :
SELECT *
FROM test_table T1
INNER JOIN (SELECT USER_ID, MAX(DOCUMENT_DATE) AS maxDate
            FROM test_table
            GROUP BY USER_ID) T2
    ON T1.USER_ID = T2.USER_ID
        AND T1.DOCUMENT_DATE = T2.maxDate;
It would be good to tell us what your RDBMS is though. And this query selects the most recent date for every patient, you can add a condition for a given patient.