I imagine this is incredibly simple but I cant seem to find the answer.
I am writing an IF statement but the test is if the object returns a character(0)         
        
Adding the obligatory tidyverse answer. The rlang package has the function is_empty(), which does exactly what you want.
Test <- character(0)
rlang::is_empty(Test)
#[1] TRUE
This also works for empty vectors that aren't characters. For example, it works in the case that Patrick Roocks describes in comments.
Test <- as.Date(character(0))
rlang::is_empty(Test)
#[1] TRUE
Loading the 'tidyverse' package also loads is_empty().