How to encode images into a video file in Java through programming?

Question

I am trying to encode some images of same resolution into a video file using, For that I have tried:

jCodec

• jcodec..example descrip

Answer 1

There is a utility in Java Media Framework which, It can create Video from List of Jpeg Images Link

Here is the source code:

JpegImagesToMovie.java

/*
 * @(#)JpegImagesToMovie.java   1.3 01/03/13
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * Sun grants you ("Licensee") a non-exclusive, royalty free, license to use,
 * modify and redistribute this software in source and binary code form,
 * provided that i) this copyright notice and license appear on all copies of
 * the software; and ii) Licensee does not utilize the software in a manner
 * which is disparaging to Sun.
 * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY
 * IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR
 * NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING
 * OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS
 * LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF
 * OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 *
 * This software is not designed or intended for use in on-line control of
 * aircraft, air traffic, aircraft navigation or aircraft communications; or in
 * the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear
 * facility. Licensee represents and warrants that it will not use or
 * redistribute the Software for such purposes.
 */

 package imagetovideo;

 import java.awt.Dimension;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.util.Vector;
 import javax.media.Buffer;
 import javax.media.ConfigureCompleteEvent;
 import javax.media.ControllerEvent;
 import javax.media.ControllerListener;
 import javax.media.DataSink;
 import javax.media.EndOfMediaEvent; 
 import javax.media.Format;
 import javax.media.Manager; 
 import javax.media.MediaLocator;
 import javax.media.PrefetchCompleteEvent;
 import javax.media.Processor;
 import javax.media.RealizeCompleteEvent;
 import javax.media.ResourceUnavailableEvent;
 import javax.media.Time;
 import javax.media.control.TrackControl;
 import javax.media.datasink.DataSinkErrorEvent;
 import javax.media.datasink.DataSinkEvent;
 import javax.media.datasink.DataSinkListener;
 import javax.media.datasink.EndOfStreamEvent;
 import javax.media.format.VideoFormat;
 import javax.media.protocol.ContentDescriptor;
 import javax.media.protocol.DataSource;
 import javax.media.protocol.FileTypeDescriptor;
 import javax.media.protocol.PullBufferDataSource;
 import javax.media.protocol.PullBufferStream;

 /**
  * This program takes a list of JPEG image files and convert them into a
  * QuickTime movie.
 */
 public class JpegImagesToMovie implements ControllerListener, DataSinkListener {

public boolean doIt(int width, int height, int frameRate, Vector inFiles,
        MediaLocator outML) throws MalformedURLException {
    ImageDataSource ids = new ImageDataSource(width, height, frameRate,
            inFiles);

    Processor p;

    try {
        //System.err
        //      .println("- create processor for the image datasource ...");
        p = Manager.createProcessor(ids);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err
                .println("Yikes!  Cannot create a processor from the data source.");
        return false;
    }

    p.addControllerListener(this);

    // Put the Processor into configured state so we can set
    // some processing options on the processor.
    p.configure();
    if (!waitForState(p, p.Configured)) {
        System.err.println("Failed to configure the processor.");
        return false;
    }

    // Set the output content descriptor to QuickTime.
    p.setContentDescriptor(new ContentDescriptor(
            FileTypeDescriptor.QUICKTIME));

    // Query for the processor for supported formats.
    // Then set it on the processor.
    TrackControl tcs[] = p.getTrackControls();
    Format f[] = tcs[0].getSupportedFormats();
    if (f == null || f.length <= 0) {
        System.err.println("The mux does not support the input format: "
                + tcs[0].getFormat());
        return false;
    }

    tcs[0].setFormat(f[0]);

    //System.err.println("Setting the track format to: " + f[0]);

    // We are done with programming the processor. Let's just
    // realize it.
    p.realize();
    if (!waitForState(p, p.Realized)) {
        System.err.println("Failed to realize the processor.");
        return false;
    }

    // Now, we'll need to create a DataSink.
    DataSink dsink;
    if ((dsink = createDataSink(p, outML)) == null) {
        System.err
                .println("Failed to create a DataSink for the given output MediaLocator: "
                        + outML);
        return false;
    }

    dsink.addDataSinkListener(this);
    fileDone = false;

    System.out.println("Generating the video : "+outML.getURL().toString());

    // OK, we can now start the actual transcoding.
    try {
        p.start();
        dsink.start();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.err.println("IO error during processing");
        return false;
    }

    // Wait for EndOfStream event.
    waitForFileDone();

    // Cleanup.
    try {
        dsink.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    }
    p.removeControllerListener(this);

    System.out.println("Video creation completed!!!!!");
    return true;
}

/**
 * Create the DataSink.
 */
DataSink createDataSink(Processor p, MediaLocator outML) {

    DataSource ds;

    if ((ds = p.getDataOutput()) == null) {
        System.err
                .println("Something is really wrong: the processor does not have an output DataSource");
        return null;
    }

    DataSink dsink;

    try {
        //System.err.println("- create DataSink for: " + outML);
        dsink = Manager.createDataSink(ds, outML);
        dsink.open();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println("Cannot create the DataSink: " + e);
        return null;
    }

    return dsink;
}

Object waitSync = new Object();
boolean stateTransitionOK = true;

/**
 * Block until the processor has transitioned to the given state. Return
 * false if the transition failed.
 */
boolean waitForState(Processor p, int state) {
    synchronized (waitSync) {
        try {
            while (p.getState() < state && stateTransitionOK)
                waitSync.wait();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
    }
    return stateTransitionOK;
}

/**
 * Controller Listener.
 */
public void controllerUpdate(ControllerEvent evt) {

    if (evt instanceof ConfigureCompleteEvent
            || evt instanceof RealizeCompleteEvent
            || evt instanceof PrefetchCompleteEvent) {
        synchronized (waitSync) {
            stateTransitionOK = true;
            waitSync.notifyAll();
        }
    } else if (evt instanceof ResourceUnavailableEvent) {
        synchronized (waitSync) {
            stateTransitionOK = false;
            waitSync.notifyAll();
        }
    } else if (evt instanceof EndOfMediaEvent) {
        evt.getSourceController().stop();
        evt.getSourceController().close();
    }
}

Object waitFileSync = new Object();
boolean fileDone = false;
boolean fileSuccess = true;

/**
 * Block until file writing is done.
 */
boolean waitForFileDone() {
    synchronized (waitFileSync) {
        try {
            while (!fileDone)
                waitFileSync.wait();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
    }
    return fileSuccess;
}

/**
 * Event handler for the file writer.
 */
public void dataSinkUpdate(DataSinkEvent evt) {

    if (evt instanceof EndOfStreamEvent) {
        synchronized (waitFileSync) {
            fileDone = true;
            waitFileSync.notifyAll();
        }
    } else if (evt instanceof DataSinkErrorEvent) {
        synchronized (waitFileSync) {
            fileDone = true;
            fileSuccess = false;
            waitFileSync.notifyAll();
        }
    }
}

/*public static void main(String args[]) {

    if (args.length == 0)
        prUsage();

    // Parse the arguments.
    int i = 0;
    int width = -1, height = -1, frameRate = 1;
    Vector inputFiles = new Vector();
    String outputURL = null;

    while (i < args.length) {

        if (args[i].equals("-w")) {
            i++;
            if (i >= args.length)
                prUsage();
            width = new Integer(args[i]).intValue();
        } else if (args[i].equals("-h")) {
            i++;
            if (i >= args.length)
                prUsage();
            height = new Integer(args[i]).intValue();
        } else if (args[i].equals("-f")) {
            i++;
            if (i >= args.length)
                prUsage();
            frameRate = new Integer(args[i]).intValue();
        } else if (args[i].equals("-o")) {
            i++;
            if (i >= args.length)
                prUsage();
            outputURL = args[i];
        } else {
            inputFiles.addElement(args[i]);
        }
        i++;
    }

    if (outputURL == null || inputFiles.size() == 0)
        prUsage();

    // Check for output file extension.
    if (!outputURL.endsWith(".mov") && !outputURL.endsWith(".MOV")) {
        System.err
                .println("The output file extension should end with a .mov extension");
        prUsage();
    }

    if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
        System.err.println("Please specify the correct image size.");
        prUsage();
    }

    // Check the frame rate.
    if (frameRate < 1)
        frameRate = 1;

    // Generate the output media locators.
    MediaLocator oml;

    if ((oml = createMediaLocator(outputURL)) == null) {
        System.err.println("Cannot build media locator from: " + outputURL);
        System.exit(0);
    }

    JpegImagesToMovie imageToMovie = new JpegImagesToMovie();
    imageToMovie.doIt(width, height, frameRate, inputFiles, oml);

    System.exit(0);
}*/

static void prUsage() {
    System.err
            .println("Usage: java JpegImagesToMovie -w  -h  -f  -o 
   ...");
    System.exit(-1);
}

/**
 * Create a media locator from the given string.
 */
static MediaLocator createMediaLocator(String url) {

    MediaLocator ml;

    if (url.indexOf(":") > 0 && (ml = new MediaLocator(url)) != null)
        return ml;

    if (url.startsWith(File.separator)) {
        if ((ml = new MediaLocator("file:" + url)) != null)
            return ml;
    } else {
        String file = "file:" + System.getProperty("user.dir")
                + File.separator + url;
        if ((ml = new MediaLocator(file)) != null)
            return ml;
    }

    return null;
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Inner classes.
// /////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * A DataSource to read from a list of JPEG image files and turn that into a
 * stream of JMF buffers. The DataSource is not seekable or positionable.
 */
class ImageDataSource extends PullBufferDataSource {

    ImageSourceStream streams[];

    ImageDataSource(int width, int height, int frameRate, Vector images) {
        streams = new ImageSourceStream[1];
        streams[0] = new ImageSourceStream(width, height, frameRate, images);
    }

    public void setLocator(MediaLocator source) {
    }

    public MediaLocator getLocator() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Content type is of RAW since we are sending buffers of video frames
     * without a container format.
     */
    public String getContentType() {
        return ContentDescriptor.RAW;
    }

    public void connect() {
    }

    public void disconnect() {
    }

    public void start() {
    }

    public void stop() {
    }

    /**
     * Return the ImageSourceStreams.
     */
    public PullBufferStream[] getStreams() {
        return streams;
    }

    /**
     * We could have derived the duration from the number of frames and
     * frame rate. But for the purpose of this program, it's not necessary.
     */
    public Time getDuration() {
        return DURATION_UNKNOWN;
    }

    public Object[] getControls() {
        return new Object[0];
    }

    public Object getControl(String type) {
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * The source stream to go along with ImageDataSource.
 */
class ImageSourceStream implements PullBufferStream {

    Vector images;
    int width, height;
    VideoFormat format;

    int nextImage = 0; // index of the next image to be read.
    boolean ended = false;

    public ImageSourceStream(int width, int height, int frameRate,
            Vector images) {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
        this.images = images;

        format = new VideoFormat(VideoFormat.JPEG, new Dimension(width,
                height), Format.NOT_SPECIFIED, Format.byteArray,
                (float) frameRate);
    }

    /**
     * We should never need to block assuming data are read from files.
     */
    public boolean willReadBlock() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * This is called from the Processor to read a frame worth of video
     * data.
     */
    public void read(Buffer buf) throws IOException {

        // Check if we've finished all the frames.
        if (nextImage >= images.size()) {
            // We are done. Set EndOfMedia.
            //System.err.println("Done reading all images.");
            buf.setEOM(true);
            buf.setOffset(0);
            buf.setLength(0);
            ended = true;
            return;
        }

        String imageFile = (String) images.elementAt(nextImage);
        nextImage++;

        //System.err.println("  - reading image file: " + imageFile);

        // Open a random access file for the next image.
        RandomAccessFile raFile;
        raFile = new RandomAccessFile(imageFile, "r");

        byte data[] = null;

        // Check the input buffer type & size.

        if (buf.getData() instanceof byte[])
            data = (byte[]) buf.getData();

        // Check to see the given buffer is big enough for the frame.
        if (data == null || data.length < raFile.length()) {
            data = new byte[(int) raFile.length()];
            buf.setData(data);
        }

        // Read the entire JPEG image from the file.
        raFile.readFully(data, 0, (int) raFile.length());

        //System.err.println("    read " + raFile.length() + " bytes.");

        buf.setOffset(0);
        buf.setLength((int) raFile.length());
        buf.setFormat(format);
        buf.setFlags(buf.getFlags() | buf.FLAG_KEY_FRAME);

        // Close the random access file.
        raFile.close();
    }

    /**
     * Return the format of each video frame. That will be JPEG.
     */
    public Format getFormat() {
        return format;
    }

    public ContentDescriptor getContentDescriptor() {
        return new ContentDescriptor(ContentDescriptor.RAW);
    }

    public long getContentLength() {
        return 0;
    }

    public boolean endOfStream() {
        return ended;
    }

    public Object[] getControls() {
        return new Object[0];
    }

    public Object getControl(String type) {
        return null;
    }
  }
}

Its doIt function can be called from another class having main function:

CreatVideo.java

/*
 * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
*/
package imagetovideo;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.Vector;
import javax.media.MediaLocator;


public class CreateVideo{

  public static final File dir = new File("D:\\imagesFolder\\");
  public static final String[] extensions = new String[]{"jpg", "png"};
  public static final FilenameFilter imageFilter = new FilenameFilter() {
    @Override
    public boolean accept(final File dir, String name) {
        for (final String ext : extensions) {
            if (name.endsWith("." + ext)) {
                return (true);
            }
        }
        return (false);
    }
};

// Main function 
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    File file = new File("D:\\a.mp4");
    if (!file.exists()) {
        file.createNewFile();
    }
    Vector imgLst = new Vector<>();
    if (dir.isDirectory()) {
        int counter = 1;
        for (final File f : dir.listFiles(imageFilter)) {               
            imgLst.add(f.getAbsolutePath());             

        }
    }
    makeVideo("file:\\" + file.getAbsolutePath(), imgLst);        
}

 public static void makeVideo(String fileName, Vector imgLst) throws MalformedURLException {
    JpegImagesToMovie imageToMovie = new JpegImagesToMovie();
    MediaLocator oml;
    if ((oml = imageToMovie.createMediaLocator(fileName)) == null) {
        System.err.println("Cannot build media locator from: " + fileName);
        System.exit(0);
    }
    int interval = 40;
    imageToMovie.doIt(720, 360, (1000 / interval), imgLst, oml);
 }  
}

Requirements:

• Include jmf-2.1.1e.jar in your Library Folder (using this library)