I have followed the docker installation doc for installing it on my machine which is a 32 bit machine running Ubuntu 12.04
The step
$ sudo apt-get in
Although this is an old queston i found a simple solution for current (18.0.3) releases of docker-ce: https://github.com/mforkel/docker-ce-i386
The description of README-i386.md is all you need, but here the shot description:
1) use git clone to get a local version of the repository
2) in my case i needed a debian .deb file so i ran ARCH=i386 DOCKER_BUILD_PKGS=debian-stretch make deb in the main Folder
3) when the makescript finished you can find your deb file in ./components/packaging/deb/debbuild/debian-stretch
I did not test this build extensively, but running docker run hello-world worked without errors
EDIT: By now i can confirm many packages working. E.g. Portainer and Nextcloud. Some packages are build agains 64bit architecture and you have to build the container on your own, but it worked for me without any problems