How, being inside the main form of my WinForm app can I tell if there are any modal windows/dialogs open that belong to the main form?
Long story short: opening a modal form is blocks execution on the main form as long as the modal window is open, so your main form can never check to see if its opened any modal forms until after the modal form has closed. In other words, your question is based on a misunderstanding of how modal forms work, so its moot altogether.
For what its worth, it is possible to tell if there are any modal forms open:
foreach (Form f in Application.OpenForms)
{
if (f.Modal)
{
// do stuff
}
}