How can i execute a shell (bash) command within a Common Lisp program and assign the output to a variable?
Nowadays I would use uiop:run-program, where uiop stands for "universal input output" and is a compatibility layer provided by asdf3, formerly known as asdf/driver. As has been said asdf:run-shell-command is obsolete and uiop inherits many features of other libraries such as trivial-shell.
UIOP readme