Local Storage, Session storage, Web storage, web database and cookies in HTML5

Question

What is the difference between these concepts, and when should I use one in particular? Does this listing also contain different names for the same general concept?

Answer 1

AFAIC:

1. Cookies are 4k per cookie, and local storage is 5k per domain.
2. Cookies existance time limits and sorage is just client-side protocol- and domain-specific bin for data.