When I click on the home-icon of Team Explorer, I get the following error:
Page \'312e8a59-2712-48a1-863e-0ef4e67961fc\' not found instead of all the
I faced a similar issue. Running devenv /setup did not help me.
I found Fixing 312e8a59-2712-48a1-863e-0ef4e67961fc-not-found-vs-2012. This link suggests that I might have recently installed some Visual Studio extensions, which might have corrupted the Visual Studio maintained cache. I uninstalled a couple of the latest Visual Studio extensions, and it solved the issue after Visual Studio's restart. Visual Studio is able to connect with TFS :-).
One can find Visual Studio extensions at menu Tools → *"Extensions and Updates...". Go to the "All" section under Installed section. It will show all Visual Studio extensions.