SELECT Table.date FROM Table WHERE date > current_date - 10;
Does this work on PostgreSQL?
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/functions-datetime.html shows operators you can use for working with dates and times (and intervals).
So you want
SELECT "date"
FROM "Table"
WHERE "date" > (CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '10 days');
The operators/functions above are documented in detail: