I have several questions about creating a Java Web application with Maven and Eclipse:
You should create a project based on the webapp Maven archetype, not the default one you're using.
I'm using SpringSource Tool Suite, which, for this exercise, is the same as Eclipse with m2e. Create a new Maven project and make sure you select the following archetype:

The Maven the command-line way of doing this is:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-webapp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
This archetype will put the WEB-INF folder in the correct location (under src/main/webapp).
You can find more information at http://maven.apache.org/guides/mini/guide-webapp.html