I\'ve been using Google Maps API v3 for some time without an API key, and it worked well.
It still works, but I get a warning in the console:
Goog
A key currently still is not required ("required" in the meaning "it will not work without"), but I think there is a good reason for the warning.
But in the documentation you may read now : "All JavaScript API applications require authentication."
I'm sure that it's planned for the future , that Javascript API Applications will not work without a key(as it has been in V2).
You better use a key when you want to be sure that your application will still work in 1 or 2 years.