I\'ve been using Google Maps API v3 for some time without an API key, and it worked well.
It still works, but I get a warning in the console:
Goog
Creating and using the key is the way to go. The usage is free until your application reaches 25.000 calls per day on 90 consecutive days.
BTW.: In the google Developer documentation it says you shall add the api key as option {key:yourKey} when calling the API to create new instances. This however doesn't shush the console warning. You have to add the key as a parameter when including the api.
Get the key here: GoogleApiKey Generation site