I am an MVC newbie. As far as I can tell:
"It Depends" :)
Requests are routed to controllers, which handle them appropriately. Controllers are the "glue" that holds everything else (Models, Views, etc) together. So it is natural that "business logic" would be either processed directly or offloaded to another component by a controller.
Where you actually put the logic depends on your needs. If logic is only needed by a single controller then putting it directly inside of one is fine. Of course, logic might also go into a single model if it is required for data consistency.
Alternatively you can put logic in helper classes/functions, or (as others have mentioned), you can create a services layer for the business logic.