Back in the day of C/C++, the part of the language that really hung me up was pointers. I understand them now, of course.
Now, Interface Builder Proxy Objects or mor
Apple has the following doc which explains the File's Owner, First Responder and Application placeholder objects found in Interface Builder NIB/XIB files here:
Interface Builder User Guide: Placeholder Objects
I realized in your question you mentioned reading Apple's Interface Builder docs, but I felt it's appropriate posting this here for future reference. Also, the docs have been updated since your question was first asked, so it's possible they made things more clear since then.