After over a decade of C/C++ coding, I\'ve noticed the following pattern - very good programmers tend to have detailed knowledge of the innards of the compiler.
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As noted by Pete Eddy, Jack Crenshaw's tutorial is excellent for newbies. But if you want to see how to a real, production C compiler works—one which was designed by brilliant engineers instead of created by throwing code at the wall until something stuck—get yourself a copy of Fraser and Hanson's A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation, which contains the source code to the very clean lcc compiler. Explanations of the design and implementation are mixed in with the code. It is not a first book for a beginner, but it will repay careful study, and you can get a used copy for $35.
For a longer blurb about lcc, see Compile C Faster on Linux.
The lcc web page also has links to a number of good textbooks. I don't know of an intro text that I really like, however.
P.S. Sorry you got ripped off at Uni.