I always hear people talk about DOM this, manipulate the DOM, change the DOM, traverse the DOM; but what exactly does this mean?
What is the DOM and why would I want
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This is the DOM. Either an XML, or HTML, or similar document. All of those terms mean to parse the document and/or make changes to it (usually by using some available tools like JavaScript or C#).
The best example of a DOM when people use those terms is the HTML document in a browser. You might want to manipulate the DOM in this case to add something to the web page.