I know that after I call (start-server) inside an existing Emacs session I can then use emacsclient -c (on the same computer) to create new frames
Aaron Gallagher implemented a solution: http://blog.habnab.it/blog/2013/06/25/emacsclient-and-tramp/
It works (AFAIU) like:
I've added a comment to his blog post proposing this idea to be discussed and enhanced on emacs-devel.