I have seen other people with the same issue of installing RMagick on Mountain Lion However none of the suggested solutions have allowed me to successfully install rmagick.
I know this is old, but I have been through a bunch of these responses and still wasn't able to get it to work. I found a random link in another language which actually solved the problem for me (http://sugiarto.webmuapp.com/Package_MagickCore_was_not_found_in_the_pkg_config_search_path). It looks like it was looking for PKG_CONFIG_PATH which was not set up.
What worked for me:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
Then make sure it worked:
find /usr -name 'MagickCore.pc'
/usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/6.8.0-10/lib/pkgconfig/MagickCore.pc
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/MagickCore.pc
Then try installing rmagick again:
gem install rmagick
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed rmagick-2.13.2
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for rmagick-2.13.2...
Installing RDoc documentation for rmagick-2.13.2...
Success! Hope this helps anyone else still running into this issue.