What exception classes are in the standard C++ library

Question

What are the exception classes that are included in the standard C++ library, and what should they be used for? I know there are a few new C++11 exceptions, but I\'m not su

Answer 1

std::exception  interface (debatable if you should catch this)
    std::bad_alloc  failure to allocate storage
        std::bad_array_new_length  invalid array length
    std::bad_cast  execution of an invalid dynamic-cast
    std::bad_exception  signifies an incorrect exception was thrown
    std::bad_function_call  thrown by "null" std::function
    std::bad_typeid  using typeinfo on a null pointer
    std::bad_weak_ptr  constructing a shared_ptr from a bad weak_ptr
    std::logic_error  errors detectable before the program executes
        std::domain_error  parameter outside the valid range
        std::future_error  violated a std::promise/std::future condition
        std::invalid_argument  invalid argument
        std::length_error  length exceeds its maximum allowable size
        std::out_of_range  argument value not in its expected range
    std::runtime_error  errors detectable when the program executes
        std::overflow_error  arithmetic overflow error.
        std::underflow_error  arithmetic underflow error.
        std::range_error  range errors in internal computations
        std::regex_error  errors from the regular expression library.
        std::system_error  from operating system or other C API
            std::ios_base::failure  Input or output error

Source: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception
In practice, most exceptions are custom exceptions derived from logic_error and runtime_error. Not that these are neglected, but that many exceptions are domain specific.

Keep in mind that an exception should reflect what went wrong and not who threw it. (No "MyProgramException"s)