I had been using Windows 8 and TortoiseSVN icons have been displaying properly, but after installing Windows 10 I can no longer see the icons for the files/folder status.
You can go to:
Tortoise Settings > Icon Overlays -> Overlay Handlers
and uncheck all checkboxes, apply, then reactivate them and apply.
This will do the same thing in the registry but not manually.
Otherwise you can open the registry with the button below, and move up the keys, appending some spaces before the name.