What are the best options for performing Web Scraping of a not currently open tab from within a Google Chrome Extension with JavaScript and whatever more te
Web scraping is kind of convoluted in a Chrome Extension. Some points:
You run content scripts for access to the DOM.
Background pages (one per browser) can send and receive messages to content scripts. That is, you can run a content script that sets up an RPC endpoint and fires a specified callback in the context of the background page as a response.
You can execute content scripts in all frames of a webpage, then stitch the document tree (composed of the 1..N frames that the page contains) together.
As S.K. suggested, your background page can send the data as an XMLHttpRequest to some kind of lightweight HTTP server that listens locally.