The scenario:
git add, git commit and git push
It is possible to do (in the deployed repository)
git fetch
git checkout origin/master -- path/to/file
The fetch will download all the recent changes, but it will not put it in your current checked out code (working area).
The checkout will update the working tree with the particular file from the downloaded changes (origin/master).
At least this works for me for those little small typo fixes, where it feels weird to create a branch etc just to change one word in a file.