How can I create a Cygwin shortcut that will open Cygwin at a specific folder? This would obviate having to type
cd /cygdrive/c/Users/Tom/Desktop/
If you want to have that directory as your default, simply add a cd statement to your ~/.profile file.
What I tend to do is use that method to set my usual directory, plus define aliases for my common cases as well:
alias tom="cd /users/tom"
or your equivalent. This lets me change directories very fast.