There is a style to fill the space between two functions of x. Examples of such plots can be found e.g. at http://gnuplot.sourceforge.net/demo/fillbetween.html Is there any
You can't do this directly. From help filledcurves:
The third variant fills the area between two curves sampled at the same set of x coordinates. It requires three columns of input data (x, y1, y2).
I don't think you can specify (y, x1, x2) directly. As a workaround you can the area between the y axis and the larger function in some color, and then fill the area between the y axis and the smaller function in white:
x1(y) = cos(y)+1
x2(y) = cos(y)+2
xmax(y) = (x1(y) > x2(y) ? x1(y) : x2(y))
xmin(y) = (x1(y) < x2(y) ? x1(y) : x2(y))
plot '+' using (xmax($1)):1 with filledcurve y1, \
'+' using (xmin($1)):1 with filledcurve y1 fillcolor rgb "white"
This probably has to be tweaked a little if one or both of the two functions can be negative.