What does the comma in this assignment statement do?

Question

I was looking through an interesting example script I found (at this site, last example line 124), and I\'m struggling to understand what the comma after particles

Answer 1

It is needed to unpack the 1-tuple (or any other length-1 sequence). Example:

>>> a,b = (1,2)
>>> print a
1
>>> print b
2
>>> c, = (3,)
>>> print c
3
>>> d = (4,)
>>> print d
(4,)

Notice the difference between c and d.

Note that:

a, = (1,2)

fails because you need the same number of items on the left side as the iterable on the right contains. Python 3.x alleviates this somewhat:

Python 3.2.3 (v3.2.3:3d0686d90f55, Apr 10 2012, 11:09:56) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a,*rest = (1,2,3)
>>> a
1
>>> rest
[2, 3]