This question is now obsolete because this feature has been implemented. Related answer.
The following Rust code fails to compile:
enum Foo {
Enum constructors != associated items.
It is a known issue, but it's not expected to be fixed, at least not in the foreseeable future. From what I have gathered it is not trivial to just allow this to work; at this point it is more likely that the related documentation or the error message will be improved.
There is little documentation I could find on the topic of associated items in general; The Rust Book has a chapter on associated types, though. In addition, there are plenty of good answers about Self in this related question.