So how can I check using codeigniter if the client is curl, and then return something different for it?
You can fake the user-agent when using cURL, so it's pointless depending on the user-agent sent when you KNOW it's a cURL request.
For example: I recently wrote an app which gets the pagerank of a url from google. Now Google doesn't like this, so it allows only a certain user agent to access its pagerank servers. Solution? Spoof the user-agent using cURL and Google will be none the wiser.
Moral of the story: cURL user agents are JUST NOT reliable.
If you still want to do this, then you should be able to get the passed user agent just like normal
$userAgent=$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
EDIT A quick test proved this:
dumpx.php:
dump.php:
Case 1: http://localhost/dumpx.php?u=y
'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => string 'booyah!' (length=7)
Case 2: http://localhost/dumpx.php?u=n
No $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
This proves that there is no default user agent for curl: it will just not pass it in the request header