I am building my first Springboot 2.0 application. I am trying to put my Springboot application into one docker container and my PostgresDB into another container.
You are pointing your application towards localhost, but this is not shared between containers.
To access another container you have to refer to its hostname.
you should use the following datasource url:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://pgdb:5432/java_learning
See this simple tutorial about connecting to a container from another container with docker compose: https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/