I know that using single quotes around a string in PHP is faster than using the double quotes because PHP doesn\'t need to check for variable presence in the single quoted s
I did a benchmark of this on a blog I was working on a while ago. However, as I've come to realize there are a lot of variables. Chief among them are:
Over all I'd say it really isn't that big of a deal for you to actually worry about it. Generally speaking it's only going to make a noticeable difference if you're writing a huge site (think MySpace, Facebook, Flickr, etc) and usually by that point you have so much hardware behind you that the single vs double quotes thing becomes irrelevant again.
Personally I'd say there's far more important things that will impact performance in a much more substantial way (caching, sql optimization, auto loading to prevent unnecessary includes, etc).
I personally choose single quotes nearly every time, but not for speed. I do because I think it's more readable. And that to me is important.