Although @peeskillet provided very concise answer, if anyone wants to do additional reading, also very good explanation could be found here:
Loading Java Files
I am mentioning this because it seems there is a lot of questions & confusion (including my own) about proper way to load a file in Java using different methods.
So in the end both methods work:
// This works both within Eclipse project and in runnable JAR
InputStream fis = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/examples/resources/verdana.ttf");
or
// This works both within Eclipse project and in runnable JAR
InputStream fis = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("examples/resources/verdana.ttf");