Following my query :
SELECT SQRT((D_o_latitude - T_s_lat)^2+(D_o_longitude - T_s_long)^2)/0.00001 FROM [datasetName.tableName]
Under legacy SQL, you can cast types in BigQuery using the following functions: INTEGER(), STRING(), BOOLEAN() TIMESTAMP(), and FLOAT().
Use cast() for standard SQL (see opensourcegeek's answer).
In your case, you could write:
SELECT SQRT((INTEGER(D_o_latitude) - T_s_lat)^2+(INTEGER(D_o_longitude) - T_s_long)^2)/0.00001
FROM [datasetName.tableName]