Following my query :
SELECT SQRT((D_o_latitude - T_s_lat)^2+(D_o_longitude - T_s_long)^2)/0.00001 FROM [datasetName.tableName]
With standard SQL you can use CAST function, eg. cast(numStringColumn as int64). Look out for standard SQL type names, as they aren't exactly same as legacy SQL.
cast(numStringColumn as int64)