Typically the \'using\' declaration is used to bring into scope some member functions of base classes that would otherwise be hidden. From that point of view it is only a me
The declaration
using C::a
brings "a" to the local naming scope so that you can later use "a" to refere to "C::a"; since that, "C::a" and "a" are interchangeable as long as you don't declare a local variable with name "a".
The declaration does not change access rights; you can access "a" in the subclass only because "a" is not private.