This is the situation:
I found the solution, which is quite easy:
String jQuerySelector = "'#myDiv input.test'";
RenderedWebElement webElement = (RenderedWebElement) ((JavascriptExecutor) webDriver).executeScript("return $(" + jQuerySelector+ ").get(0);");
Working with an element in jQuery which was previosly selected in Selenium works too:
String jQuerySelector = "arguments[0]";
((JavascriptExecutor) webDriver).executeScript("return $(" + jQuerySelector+ ").doSomethingInJquery();", webElement);