There is a listview with several fields in delphi. A thread checks and adds items to listview. If there is the same caption, an integer will be added in the subitem of this
You can call BeginUpdate and EndUpdate on the listview to improve performance, by preventing the listview to redraw itself while updating. But this will probably not give you the boost you want. Besides, you need to know that accessing VCL controls directly from a thread is not safe unless synchronised.
I think it would be better to skip the listview and pick a 3rd party control like Virtual Tree View which is both great and free. :)