My goal is to create a Web Service client that runs in a standalone jar with all the dependencies using mvn assembly:single
I generated the client using CXF codegen
Most likely it's how you are creating your single jar. A normal usage of the assembly plugin would not allow that as various parts of CXFs META-INF/* stuff would need to be merged together. That would include all the /META-INF/spring* and much of the stuff in /META-INF/cxf/* I would suggest using the shade plugin for that. See the pom.xml for CXF's bundle jar for an example.
http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/cxf/trunk/osgi/bundle/all/