Question about listening and backlog for sockets

Question

I am writing an application in C# that needs to handle incoming connections and I\'ve never done server side programming before. This leads me to these following questions:<

Answer 1

Try this program and you will see what is backlog good for.

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

/*
   This program creates TCP server socket. Then a large number of clients tries to connect it.
   Server counts connected clients. The number of successfully connected clients depends on the BACKLOG_SIZE parameter.
 */


namespace BacklogTest
{
    class Program
    {
        private const int BACKLOG_SIZE = 0; //<<< Change this to 10, 20 ... 100 and see what happens!!!!
        private const int PORT = 12345;
        private const int maxClients = 100;

        private static Socket serverSocket;
        private static int clientCounter = 0;

        private static void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
            // Get the socket that handles the client request
            Socket listener = (Socket) ar.AsyncState;
            listener.EndAccept(ar);
            ++clientCounter;
            Console.WriteLine("Connected clients count: " + clientCounter.ToString() + " of " + maxClients.ToString());

            // do other some work
            for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
            {
            }

            listener.BeginAccept(AcceptCallback, listener);
        }

        private static void StartServer()
        {
            // Establish the locel endpoint for the socket
            IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, PORT);

            // Create a TCP/IP socket
            serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

            // Bind the socket to the local endpoint and listen
            serverSocket.Bind(localEndPoint);
            serverSocket.Listen(BACKLOG_SIZE);
            serverSocket.BeginAccept(AcceptCallback, serverSocket);
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            StartServer();

            // Clients connect to the server.
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
            {
                IPAddress ipAddress = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
                IPEndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, PORT);

                // Create a TCP/IP socket and connect to the server
                Socket client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
                client.BeginConnect(remoteEP, null, null);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}