How can I add spaces between every character or symbol within a UTF-8 document? E.g. 123hello! becomes 1 2 3 h e l l o !.
123hello!
1 2 3 h e l l o !
Since you have bash, I am will assume that you have access to sed. The following command line will do what you wish.
$ sed -e 's:\(.\):\1 :g' < input.txt > output.txt