When I upload a build to the new Apple owned and iTunes Connect-integrated TestFlight, I see the following log:
WARNING ITMS-90191: "Missing beta en
Manually editing the plist file didn't do it for me.
Editing an existing profile and generating the file also did NOT work this time.
But, just like for joehl, creating a brand NEW provision profile actually fixed it for me. So, create an all new Provision Profile and and you will be back in business. This looks like a glitch in TestFlight.