This problem is making me feel like an absolute noob.
Here is the head of my .html file:
I don't think the problem lies in the sample you posted - we'd need to see the CSS, or verify its location etc!
But why not try stripping it down to one CSS rule - put it in the HEAD section, then if it works, move that rule to the external file. Then re-introduce the other rules to make sure there's nothing missing or taking precedence over your CSS.