How can I tell whether a (Drupal 7) web app was built using Angular by looking at the page source, and not having to ask the developers?
Try
https://builtwith.com/
This is the website that currently gives you the most detailed information about what technologies a site uses. They will let you do 5 free lookups a day.
https://wappalyzer.com/
is a good one too, and serve as a complement to builtwith. I don't think there is a limit of lookups, but the results are less detailed.
Those two used together may give you more insight.