Is there a subshell created when I run `sh -c “command”`, a new shell or none of these?

Question

In bash, when I run the following command:

sh -c \"command\"

is there created a subshell and then the command

Answer 1

sh will spawn a subshell. But the subshell id stays the same

21934 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash
21963 pts/0    S      0:00  \_ /usr/bin/sudo -u root -H /bin/bash -c  export AUDITUSER=ch002854; cd $HOME && exec -a '-bash' /bin/bash
22031 pts/0    S      0:00      \_ -bash
 2969 pts/0    S      0:00          \_ sleep 1000
 2993 pts/0    S      0:00          \_ sleep 1000
 3726 pts/0    R+     0:00          \_ ps af

With sh -c it will just run the command. This will reinitialize your environment variables and therefore it resets $BASH_SUBSHELL to its default 0.

# sh -c 'echo $BASHPID, $BASH_SUBSHELL'
12671, 0

While with `` or () you can create a subshell

# (echo $BASHPID, $BASH_SUBSHELL)
13214, 1