An alternative workaround to calling map:
df['two'] = pd.Series(map_dict)
df
one two
A 10 every
B 20 good
C 30 boy
D 40 does
E 50 fine
In any case, until the mapping issue gets resolved (per juanpa.arrivillaga's comment) you have to convert either the index or the dict-to-map to a pandas Series.