I want to execute my web app as http://localhost.
On Ubuntu and Debian systems, there are several steps needed:
In server.xml, change the line to have port="80".
Install the recommended (not required) authbind package, with a command like:
sudo apt-get install authbind
Enable authbind in the server.xml file (in either /etc/tomcat6 or /etc/tomcat7) by uncommenting and setting the line like:
AUTHBIND=yes
All three steps are needed.