What does it mean to say “linux kernel is preemptive”?

Question

I read that Linux kernel is preemptive, which is different from most Unix kernels. So, what does it really mean for a kernal to be preemptive?

Some analogies or exam

Answer 1

The linux kernel is monolithic and give a little computing timespan to all the running process sequentially. It means that the processes (eg. the programs) do not run concurrently, but they are given a give timespan regularly to execute their logic. The main problem is that some logic can take longer to terminate and prevent the kernel to allow time for the next process. This results in system "lags".

A preemtive kernel has the ability to switch context. It means that it can stop a "hanging" process even if it is not finished, and give the computing time to the next process as expected. The "hanging" process will continue to execute when its time has come without any problem.

Practically, it means that the kernel has the ability to achieve tasks in realtime, which is particularly interesting for audio recording and editing.

The ubuntu studio districution packages a preemptive kernel as well as a buch of quality free software devoted to audio and video edition.